Window-sash and similar structure.



R. T. AXE.

WINDOW SASH AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. 1910.

Patented Oct. 20, 1914.

l 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 H51] 1 MP I1 g woe nto 'c,

GHQ/M4113 26 witnesses R. T. AXE.

WINDOW SASH AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.18, 1910.

1, l 1 3,938. Patented Oct. 20, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROY 'r. AXE, or SYRACUSE, NEW aroma, ASSIGNOR T0 OLIVER M. EDWARDS, or

SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

wINDow-sAsn AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 20, 1914.

Application filed November 18, 1910. Serial a... 592,991.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROY T. AXE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Syracuse, county of I Onondaga, State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in VVindow-Sashes and Similar btructures, of which the following is a clear and exact description, reference being had to thedrawings accompanying and forming a part of the same.

M y invention relates generally to the construction of window sashes and similar structures, butmore particularly to the con struction of metal sashes and similar frames.

One object of my invention is to provide a light, stiff, strong, easily and cheaply constructed window sash or frame.

Another object is to provide a window sash or similar structure made out of different forms or shapes, each having its own peculiar characteristics which differ in kind and when combined together in a single structure has various advantages over other known constructions.

Another object is to provide a metal sash composed of different forms or shapesv bf metal in which recesses for removing glass holding means are formed which preferably have a somewhat greater depth than width into which glass holding means may be inserted for holding the glass laterally; other objects will appear from the descriptions hereinafter given. With these objects in view the invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangements of parts to be hereinafter described and part cularly pointed out in the claims hereunte annexed and forming a part of this specification.

In practice, many difficulties have developed in the construction of window sashes and similar structures from metal. Many forms of Window sashes have been constructed and in some of such forms the cost of labor required in constructing the sashes has rendered it diflicult to induce would-be users to purchase them. In other forms, other diliiculties such as excessive weight of material necessary to give the required tiilness, rendered the use of such sashes undesirable. In other forms, it was difiicult to obtain the necessary stiffness and rigidity present in wooden sash frames without rendering them too costly to successfully compete with the wooden sashes heretofore commonly used. The present invention overcomes inany of these difficulties and a stronger and stiffer frame is obtained with a less weight of material and cost of labor than in any of the other forms above referred to. s r

Fi ure 1 illustrates in side elevation one embodiment of the present invention, the sash being broken in two and portions removed to better illustrate the construction there shown. Fig. 2 shows a modified form of securing the different portions of the sash or frame together. Fig. 3 shows in vertical section and on an enlarged scale the construction illustrated in Fig. 1, portions of the glass and sash beingbroken away. Fig. 4 illustrates in cross section a portion of the glass and one of the sidejrails of the sash with a form of weather stripping attached to the sash and frameof thefwindow. Fig. 5 illustrates in perspective a portion of one of the forms or shapes of metal used in. the formation of the sash frame.

shows another form or shape of metal used for this purpose. Fig. 6 illustrates in perspective a portion of the means by which the glass is secured in the sash or frame, being that part of such means which is received in a recess formed in the sash frame. Figs. 7', 8 and 9 illustrate in cross section modified forms or shapes of metal used in constructing the sash frame and also moditied forms of sash holding means. Figs. 10, l1 and I2 illustrate another modification of the construction of a sash frame. Fig. 13 shows in cross section still another modified construction of sash frame.

Like letters of reference, wherever they occur, indicate corresponding parts of the several figures of the drawings.

Fig.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4,

the other formed of irregular shape in cross 105 section as shown. Theshcet metal portion 1) (Fig. 5) is bent into the form shown in this figure and forms the main or outermost edge portions of the sash which are closed and the interior space is partially occupied 11G by the other form or shape of material E, seen in Fig. 5. This form of metal, as before explained, is of irregular shape in cross section and is of suflicient dimensions to be received between the free edges of the portion D and close that portion of the frame, as is clearly seen in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. This form E of metal is preferably so shaped that the least amount of material will be used consistent with the strength and stifl'ness required in its construction or formation. As seen in Fig. 5, there is a groove 6 or recess on one side and a rabbet e on the other.

The portions E of the sash frame are to be secured to the portions D in any desired manner, but I prefer to secure them by rivets w passing through both portions, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. As here shown, the free edges of the portions D extend an equal distance and, consequently, when the portions E are secured to the portions D there is a recess formed between the portions E and one of the extending lips or edges d of the portions D. The recess thus formed between the lip or edge d and the portion E by reason of the rabbet e is preferably of greater depth than it is of width and it opens toward the center of the frame, being substantially parallel with the plane of the glass which is to be held in the sash. As shown the rivets pass through both of the portions D and E and secure the two firmly are preferably made'of aluminum or other and a stiff and strong sash is formed when the stiles A and. top and bottom rails B are properly secured together. The portions E are preferably made of aluminum or other light metal and are preferably provided with grooves of the desired dimensions, it being found in practice that when these portions are formed of aluminum with grooves, as e, of the dimensions shown they with the portions D produce a light, still and strong sash. If a heavier metal than aluminum be employed, these portions E may be formed in *cross section as seen in Figs. 7,

9 and 11 or otherwise as desired, so long as the form or shape is such as to give the re 50 quired strength against compression by the rivets or other means of fastening the porti'ons D and E together and the requisite stiffness to the sash. When the side stiles and top and bottom rails are thus formed, 55 they may be secured together, as shown, at the upper corners, in Fig. l, by the portions E of the top and bottom rails extending beyond the portions D and entering between the outstanding portions D of the side stiles (so and be secured together by riveting as shown, or otherwise, as desired. Or, the portions E of the top and bottom rails may enter the portions D of the side stiles as indicated in dotted lines in the lower portion of Fig. 1 65 and the different portions secured together by riveting or otherwise as desired; or they may be otherwise secured together as desired. If desired, additional securing means may be employed as, for instance, as indicated at the upper right and left hand corners of Fig. 1 where a solid or otherwise formed piece of metal is inserted and secured to the rails and stiles by rivets, as shown, or otherwise, as desired.

The rails and stiles may be otherwise secured together to form the sash frame than as shown in Fig. l as, for'instance, in the manner seen in Fig. 2 where the portions D are formed. with solid corners by any well known method or process and the portions E miteredtogether, as indicated in the upper portion of Fig. 2 and then the portions D and E be secured together by riveting, pr otherwise, as desired. When these portions are thus secured together, the portions D give the required strength against separation of the. parts in an edgewise direction and the portions E give the desired strength and stiffness in a sidewise direction.

When the rails and stiles are thus secured together andit is desired to have the glass holding means fixedly secured in place as seen in Figs. 10, 12 and 13, the sash frame may be divided into two portions or parts for the insertion of the glass and the removal thereof, as indicated in the lower portion of Fig. 2 by allowing the portions E of one part of the sash to enter the portions D of the other part and securing the same together by screws or other fastening means which may be readily removed and replaced as desired. Or, if desired, separate pieces of material may be inserted in the two adjoining parts and the stiles secured together as indicated in the bottom portion of Fig. 2.

The portions or pieces of metal D which differ in cross section from the portions or pieces E are strong and stiff in an edgewise direction of the sash as compared with their strength or stiffness in a sidewise direction. The portions or pieces of metal E differing in cross section and shape from the portions or shaped pieces Dare strong and stifi in two directions, viz. sidewise and edgewise of the sash. \Vhen the two are combined together into a single structure a very strong and stiff sash is formed which is of light weight, easily handled and readily counterbalanced without the application of very strong springs or heavy weights. Securing the portions, shapes or pieces, as D and E, together by rivets, as shown, is very advantageous as the metal of portions or shapes, as D, is not distorted or thrown out of shape, hence, such portions or pieces do not have to be straightened and brought back into proper condition for use as a sash, as is usually the case if heatis applied to comparatively thin metal. There are various other advantages arising in the formation of sashes and similar structures as herein shown and described which will be obvious to those skilled in the art of metal Working. A referred means for holding the glass later My in the sash consists ofthe portion of the portion E of-the frame which forms a fixed abutment to hold the sash against lateral movement in one direction and a portion F which is insertible into the recess formed by the rabbet e'in the portion E and the lip or edge d of the portion D and it is removable'therefrom as desired. This portion F has a lip or edge portion f which-is opposite the lip e of the portion E, when the part F is inserted in said recess and thus prevents the lateral movement of the-glass in the other direction. Theuglass holding lips or edges of-t-he parts'E and F are preferably formed as shown (see Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6) with a space-to receive putty or other comparatively soft or flexible or yielding material and fill the spaces shown, so asto exclude moisture and prevent undue strain being placed upon the glass by the means which hold it in the sash. These spaces permit the glass to more or less accommodate itselfto the frame as the putty or other material will yield more or less before it hardens and becomes rigid thus more or less relieving the glass from undue strain.

If desired the two edges of the portions or pieces of metal D may extend an equal. distance as seen in Figs. 1, 3 and 5" or one may extend a greater distance than the other as is the case in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13. In Figs. 7 8, 10, 12 and 13 the free edges of portion or piece D which extends farthest toward the central portion of the sash serve the function served by the lip or edge e of the portion E seen in Fig. 5 and it does this work in essentially the same way as the lip 6 does its work. In Fig. 9 this is not the case because, in that figure the free edge of the portion D which extends farthest toward the central portion of the sash is opposite the rabbet e of the piece a and it helps to form the recess into which the glass holding means is received.

When desired, the portions or pieces as E, may be made out of sheet metal of suitable thickness to give the desired strength or stiffness as seen in Figs. 10 and 11. If desired, the glass holding means may be fixedly secured in the recess as shown in Figs. l0, l2 and 13 using either one row of rivets or'two, as desired. When the piece or shape E is made as seen in Fig. 11 comparatively little weight of metal is used and the greatest strength and stiffness for a given weight of metal is'obtained. Also, if desired when light material is used the portions or pieces E maybe practically solid, as seen in Fig. 13, where the rivets 60 pass directly through the glass-holding means and the portion E in securing the i portions D and E together. As

here shown there is no groove 6' in the piece E and the extending free edge of the portion D presents an abutting surface against which the glass may be held laterally in one direction, as there seen.

If desired, the portions D of either the stiles or rails can be strengthened or stiflenedv by the addition of material before the portionsE are secured to the portions D. In Fig. 3 there is shown in cross section strips h of material inserted within the portions D into which the screws or other fastenings enter which secure the weather stripping there seen to the sash. These strips h may be formed as desired and be secured to the portions, if desired. If such strips extend along the interior edge portions of the sash they necessarily strengthen and stiffen the sash. Instead of attaching strips of metal to the edge portions of the sash as seen in Fig. 3 they may be secured thereto as indicated in Fig. 4: where one member c' of weather stripping is secured to the exterior edge-portion of the sash by rivets in such relation to the other member 2" of the weather stripping, which is attached to the frame X of the window, that the sash can move up and down in the frame and the two members of the weather stripping re main in intimate contact, one with the other.

Instead of constructing the glass holding means as shown in cross sectionin Figs. 1 3 and 6 such means may be otherwise constructed as, for instance, in Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 13, so long as such means is adapted to be received in the recesses formed in the frame and do essentially the work that is done by the glass holding means seen in Figs. 1, 3 and 6. In each of the constructions herein shown the recesses are so formed that they receive the glass holding means in planes substantially parallel with the plane occupied by the glass or by the face of the sash. If desired,'the glass holding means may be readily removable from the recesses or may be permanently secured therein. In Figs. 1 to 9 the glass holding means, as F, is eadily removable from the recesses, while in Figs. 10 and 13 this is not the case.

The weather stripping per 86 here shown forms no partof the present invention and is shown to illustrate how such material may be secured to the sashes if it is desired to use the same in connection with this particular form of window sash and also to illustrate the attachment of strengthening or stiffening material either interiorly or exteriorl y of the portions D.

It, is to be observed that in each of the embodiments herein shown and described holding means is provided for holdin the glass laterally both inwardly and out ardly of the structure in which the sash is used; also that the glass holding means, as F, which is received 'inthe recess formed in the frame is inserted therein in substantially a plane parallel with the face of the sash or the glass which is to be held therein and when suchmove them. It is also to be observed thatin each of the constructions herein illus trated the stiles and cross rails are each formed by the use of a plurality of forms,.

pieces or shapes of metal differing in cross section. The pieces, forms or shapes D are preferably formed out of sheet. metal having projecting portions of considerable extent which are adapted to receive other and differing shapes, forms or pieces of metal as shown. These other and difiering forms, shapes or pieces of metal, as E, may be formed in any manner desired but preferably with pro ecting portions which are arranged crosswise of the projecting portions of the forms, shapes or pieces D in Figs. 1 to 12 of the drawings. If the pieces, shapes or forms E be made as seen in Fig. 13, that is, practically solid except for the portions of the recess for sash holding means F, the pieces, shapes or forms D are strengthened and stifi'ened by the securing thereto of that particular form or shape, owing to the somewhat extended surfaces of contact between the two. The effect of the specific constructions of the shapes or forms E seen in Figs. 1 to 11 is the same when secured to the shapes or forms D there seen owing to the widely separated points of contact of the projecting portions of the two forms or shapes of metal there secured together.

When the sash or frame is constructed as herein shown and described and putty or other yielding material is used between the metal and the glass, a cushionin effect of greater or less extent upon the g ass is had and i ddition such material aids in bolding thefglass holding means, as F, in place against displacement by jarring or other action caused in the use of the sash.

What is herein shown and described will naturally suggest to those skilled in the art other and differing specific forms of glass holding means and recesses for receiving the same from what is herein set forth which, while varying in form and details of construction or arrangement would have substantially the same method and mode of operation in accomplishing essentially the same work as is done in the various embodimcnts herein shown and described, hence I do not desire to limit my invention to the specific forms or shapes, constructions or arrangements of parts or devices herein shown and described, but desire to include all forms, shapes, constructions and arrangements that are within the spirit of my invention. I

What I claim as new is 1. A frame of the character described comprising a plurality of metal pieces of different shapes in cross section, one of said pieces being formed with front and rear opposing projecting portions and another of said pieces being located between the planes of said projecting portions and being secured to said portions. the inner piece being formed with means for holding the glass from displacement outwardly in one direction and with a rabbet arranged relatively to one of the projecting portions of the outer piece to provide a recess, and a third piece for coacting with said means and holding the glass from displacement in the opposite direction, said third piece projecting into the rabbet and fitting the same and having a portion located out of the rabbet for coacting with the glass to hold the same, sub-- stantially as and for the purpose described.

2. A frame of the character described comprising a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section and secured together, one of which is formed with opposing projecting -portions and the other of which is provided with a rabbet adapted to form one side and the bottom of a recess at one side of the glass, the other side of .which recess is formed by the margin of one oiiHsaid opposing projecting portions, and glass holding means having a portion held in the recess and being of substantially the same cross sectional shape as the recess, the piece formed with the rabbet, and the glass holding means coacting with opposite sidespf the glass, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3.1K frame of the character described comprising a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section and secured together, one of which is provided with a projecting rib arranged in position to engage the glass and hold the glass against lateral movement in one direction and with a rabbet forming one side and the bottom of a recess, said piece formed with the rib and rabbet being arranged within another of such differing pieces and secured thereto and a projecting portion of such other piece being arranged to complete said recess, and means extending into the recess and holding the glass against lateral movement in the opposite direction, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. A frame of the character described comprising a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section and secured together, one of which is provided with a projecting rib arranged in position to engage the glass and hold the glass against lateral movement in one direction and with a rabbet forming one side and the bottom of a recess, said piece formed with the rib and rabbet being arranged within another of such differing pieces and secured thereto and a projecting portion of the last-mentioncd piece being arranged to complete said recess, and glass holding means having a portion arranged within the recess and provided with a rib located outside of the recess and o pposed to the first-mentioned rib in position to hold the glass from lateral move ment in the opposite direction, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. A frame of the character described comprising a plurality of metal pieces of different shapes secured together, one of said pieces being formed with opposing sides for receiving the others, and one of said other pieces being formed with a rabbet arranged contiguous to one of said opposing sides forming therewith a continuous recess 0r groove, and glass holding means extending into the groove, the metal piece formed with the rabbet being secured to said opposing sides and arranged between the same and provided with means coacting with the glass holding means for holding the glass from displacement, substantially as and for the purpose described.

6, A frame of the character described formed of two metal pieces of differing shapes secured together, one beingreceived withinrthe other and the outer piece comprising opposite side projecting portions formed of resilient sheet metal, and the inher piece being formed of comparatively rigid metal, said differing pieces forming a recess between them an the inner piece having a projecting-portion adapted. to hold the glass laterally in one direction, and means extending into the recess for holding the glass from movement in the opposite direction, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. A frame of the character described formed of stiles and rails composed essentially of a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross sectipn, one of which pieces receives another piece and a recess is formed thereby extending substantially parallel with the face of the frame which is adapted to receive glass holding means, and the received piece of one stile or rail is received between the projecting portions of the re ceivin piece of the adjoining stile or rail and tie two secured together to complete the frame, substantially as set forth.

8. In a sash or similar structure the combination. substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive a glass and holding means a portion of which is composed of a plurality of pieces of metal differing in, cross section, one of which is provided with. a rabbet adapted to form two surfaces of a recess one arranged at an angle to the other, such piece being received between the projecting portions of another of such pieces one of which portions forms the other surface of the recess, means for securing the piece formed with a rabbet to such projecting portions, a glass, and glass holding means adapted to be received in the recess to hold the glass laterally in one direction, one of the former pieces cooperating with the last mentioned holding means to form therewith a. groove for receiving the glass.

9. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a, frame adapted to hold a glass and holding means, a portion of which is composed of a plurality of'pieces of metal differing in cross section, one of which is provided with two projecting portions adapted to strengthen and stiffen the sash in an edgewise direction and receive another piece differing in cross section provided with a rabbet adapted to form a portion of a recess and a groove which opens on the side opposite the side forming a portion of the recess the inner piece which is formed with said rabbet and groove, being adapted to strengthen and stiffen the sash in a sidewise direction, a glass, and glass holding means adapted to be re ceived in the recess for holding the glass laterally in one direction, one of the former pieces cooperating with the last mentioned means to form therewith a groove for receiving the glass.

10. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a glass and holding means a portion of which is composed of a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section, one of which is provided with projecting portions between which another piece provided with a rabbet is received and thereby adapted to form a recess to receive glass holding means substantially parallel with the face of the sash, means for securing such pieces together, a glass, and glass holding means adapted to be received in the recess to hold the glass laterally in one direc tion, one of the former pieces cooperating with the last mentioned means to form therewith a groove for receiving the glass.

11. In a sash or similar structure the combination substantially as set forth, of a frame composed of side stiles and top and bottom rails adapted to receive a glass and glass holding means, each of which is composed of a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section, one of which. is provided with two projecting. portions adapted to receive another piece differing in cross section which extends beyond the end of the rail or stile and is received by an adjoining stile or rail for securing the two together to form a sash having a recess formed by and between such receiving and received pieces adapted to receive glass holding means, a glass, and glass holding means adapted to hold the glass laterally in the frame.

12. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a glass and holding means, a corner portion of which is composed essentially of two pieces of metal similar in cross section having projecting portions adapted to receive a single piece of metal differing in cross section and be secured thereto forming a recess for such corner portion adapted to receive glass holding means for holding the glass laterally in the frame.

13. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a glass and holding means a corner portion of which is composed of a plurality of pieces of metal of similar cross section having projecting portions adapted to receive another piece of metal differing in cross section and'forming a recess between them extending substantially parallel with the face of the frame which is adapted to receive glass holding means, and means for securing the projecting portions of a plurality of pieces to the piece of differ ing cross section for holding the different pieces together.

14. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a lass and holding means a portion of which rame is composed essentially of two pieces of metal differing in cross section, one of which is provided with a projecting portion adapted to receive and hold the glass in a plurality of directions and form aportion of a recess substantially parallel with the face of the sash, the other portion of which recess is formed by the other piece, a glass, glass holding means adapted to be received in the recess and hold the glass in the frame, the frame including opposing projecting portions at the front and rear side thereof secured to one of said two pieces and arranged to hold the other of said pieces in position.

15. In a sash or similar structure the combination.,. substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a lass and holdin means a portion ef which rame is compose of a pluralit of pieces of metal differing in cross sect' one of which forms the outer edge portions of the frame and is provided with projecting portions adapted to receive another of the pieces of metal to be held therein, such other piece projecting beyond the free edge of said pro ecting portions,

one of such projecting portions forming a part of a recess substantially parallel with the face of the sash, the other part of the .recess being formed by the received piece, a

glass, and glass holding means adapted to be received in the recess and hold the glass in one direction in the frame.

16. In a sash or similar structure the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold a glass and glass holding means, each of the stiles and rails of which is composed essentially of a plurality of pieces of metal differing in cross section, one of which forms the outer edge nortions thereof and is provided with projecting edge portions adapted to receive another of the pieces of metal to be held therein, one of such projecting portions forming a part of a recess substantially parallel with-the face of the sash, the other part of the recess being formed by the received piece, which piece is received by the projecting portions of the receiving piece of an adjoining stile or rail for securing the same together, means for securing the adjoining stiles or rails, one to the other, a glass, and glass holding means adapted to be received in the recess and hold the glass in one direction in the frame.

17. In a sash or similar structure, the combination substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to hold the glass and holding means, a portion of which frame is composed of a plurality of forms of metal differing in cross section, one of which has two projecting portions opposed to each other and formed of comparatively yielding metal, said projecting portions being adapted to receive another and differing form formed of rigid material and provided with projecting portions'arranged between the pro ecting portions of the yielding form, means adapted to secure the forms together with the project ing portions of one arranged crosswise of those of the other to form a recess between them, the recess being adapted to receive glass holding means, and glass holding means in the recess for holding the glass laterally in one direction, one of theformer pieces cooperating with said glass holding means to form therewith a groove for receiving the glass, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

ROY T. AXE.

Witnesses G. G. NoRRIs, F. S. WILMARTH.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,113,938, granted October 20, 1914, upon the applicatio'h of Roy T. Axe, of Syracuse, New York, for ah improve ment in Window-Sashes and Similar Structures, errors appear in the printed specification requiring oorrection as follows: Page 1, line 27, for the word removing read rem/011MB, page 2, strike out line 34, and insert the words together so that am strengthens the other; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these correetions therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflioe.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of December, A. D., 1914.

[SEAL] R. F. WHITEHEA-D,

Acting C'ommissionenaf Patents. 

